Морской биологический журнал / Marine Biological Journal
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Журнал публикует обзорные и оригинальные научные статьи, краткие сообщения и заметки, содержащие новые данные теоретических и экспериментальных исследований в области морской биологии, материалы по разнообразию морских организмов, их популяций и сообществ, закономерностям распределения живых организмов в Мировом океане, результаты комплексного изучения морских и океанических экосистем, антропогенного воздействия на морские организмы и экосистемы в целом.
Целевая аудитория: биологи, гидробиологи, экологи, радиобиологи, биофизики, океанологи, географы, учёные других смежных специальностей, аспиранты и студенты соответствующих научных и отраслевых профилей.
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Материал The finding of a rare in the Black Sea polychaete Ctenodrilus serratus (Schmidt, 1857) (Annelida, Cirratulidae)(2020) Lisitskaya, E. V.; Boltachova, N. A.In July 2019, three polychaetae specimens of the genus Ctenodrilus were found in oyster cages on silted oyster shells. The cages from a mussel-and-oyster farm located at the outer roadstead of Sevastopol Bay were suspended at a depth of 6–8 m. The bottom soil under the mussel-and-oyster farm is silted sand, and the depth is of 16 m. During the sampling, water temperature was of +23 °C, and the salinity was of 17.7 ‰. Thus, according to morphological characteristics, polychaetae we found should be classified as Ctenodrilus serratus (Schmidt, 1857). Photographs of alive and fixed polychaetae, chaetae patterns, and a schematic representation of their number by segments are presented. At the beginning of the XX century, a single specimen of this species was found in the Black Sea.Материал FISH LARVAE AS FOOD ITEM OF PLANKTONIC PREDATOR (CHAETOGNATHA)(Marine Biological Journal, 2018) Vdodovich, I. V.; Podrezova, P. S.; Klimova, T. N.Photos of predation of sagitta (Chaetognatha) to fish larvae are presented for the first time for the Black Sea. While analyzing ichthyoplankton samples obtained in May and November in 2017 (94ᵗʰ and 98ᵗʰ cruises of RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”) several sagittas were found with their guts containing fish larvae. Fish larvae seem to have been captured by sagittas in the same way as sagittas in cannibalism cases, with both folding in half at the spot of capture. The data obtained allow us to assume sagittas in conditions of high abundance of eggs and fish larvae in the plankton to be not only a food competitor of larvae and juveniles of fish, as a fodder plankton consumer, but an active predator, being able to play a significant role in the elimination of ichthyoplankton.Материал FUCOXANTHIN AND HEAVY METALS IN BROWN ALGAE OF GENUS CYSTOSEIRA C. AGARDH FROM WATER AREAS WITH DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES (BLACK SEA)(Marine Biological Journal, 2017) Ryabushko, V. I.; Prazukin, A. V.; Gureeva, E. V.; Bobko, N. I.; Kovrigina, N. G.; Nekhoroshev, M. V.Brown algae are recognized as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in coastal waters. Comparison of morphological and functional characteristics of algae living in different environmental conditions is essential for understanding mechanisms of marine organism adaptation to anthropogenic environmental impact. The aim of this study is to determinate concentration of fucoxanthin and heavy metals in branches of brown seaweeds Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh and Cystoseira crinita Duby in water areas with different anthropogenic pressures. The content of fucoxanthin in the samples is determined by means of thin layer chromatography, and heavy metals are quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The maximum concentrations of fucoxanthin (3 mg·g-1 of dry weight), lead (48.5 μg·g-1), zinc (62.6 μg·g-1), and cadmium (3.2 μg·g-1) are found in branches of 2- to 3-month-old seaweeds. The content of fucoxanthin in the branches of C. barbata is 1.5 times higher than that in C. crinita. The Cystoseira seaweeds living in a eutrophic bay have higher concentrations of the pigment and zinc than the macrophytes from open waters. The elevated levels of fucoxanthin in brown algae of this genus found in eutrophic and heavy-metal-polluted water areas demonstrate the important role of this carotenoid in the adaptation of the algal photosynthetic apparatus to anthropogenic environmental changes.Материал HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN ZOOPLANKTON OF SINOP COASTS OF THE BLACK SEA, TURKEY(Marine Biological Journal, 2016) Bat, L.; Üstün, F.; Öztekin, H. C.Estimation of level contamination of marine ecosystems with heavy metals is important task in the field of MSFD. Total zooplankton samples were collected using a standard zooplankton net (mesh size=112 µm, mouth diameter=50 cm) from Sinop coast of the Black Sea, Turkey in 2011 and 2012. Concentrations of Al, As, Cu, Zn, Hg, Fe, Cd and Pb were determined in the total zooplankton samples. The average concentration of heavy metals followed order: Fe > Al >Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. Estimated Hg was below the detection limit among all heavy metals in all samples. Fe was the most common heavy metal in total zooplankton samples present in all, Al was the other heavy metal commonly present in the samples. Pb showed high value (210 mg·kg -1) in total zooplankton. Similar to Pb, a high average concentration of As (40 mg·kg -1) was observed in total zooplankton. Cd was 1.1 mg·kg -1.Материал History of formation and peculiarities of Ponto-Caspian fish myxosporean fauna(2020) Yurakhno, V. M.; Özer, A. N.History of formation of Ponto-Caspian basin fish myxosporean fauna is examined. This work is based on our own material on myxosporean parasites of fish from the Black Sea (collected in 1987–2018) and the Sea of Azov (1997–2016). Totally, we have investigated 15 368 specimens of 87 species of fish (14 297 specimens of 80 species of fish in the Black Sea and 1071 specimens of 19 species of fish in the Sea of Azov). The material was collected by the method of incomplete parasitological dissections and treated by generally accepted methods. Also, all available literary sources on the myxosporean parasites of fish from the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Caspian Sea are analyzed (references list contains the most significant publications). A comparative analysis of fish myxosporean fauna in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Caspian Sea is performed. It is stated that 108 parasite species are known in the Black Sea, 42 – in the Sea of Azov, and 68 – in the Caspian Sea. Number of myxosporean parasite species common for the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea is 32, for the Caspian and Black seas – 32, and for the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea – 20. Totally 16 species of myxosporean parasites are registered in all the mentioned seas. To date, of 108 myxosporean species of Black Sea region, 29 are registered only in freshwater fish in the estuaries with considerable brackish water. For 79 myxosporean species, marine fish species serve as hosts; they are registered mainly in full-salt sea part, and 17 of them are of freshwater origin: 7 species are registered in freshwater fish and in euryhaline mullets; 1 parasitizes on freshwater and marine salmon fishes; the only hosts for 9 species are mullets or other marine fish species. Marine forms are represented by Pontic (22 species), Ponto-Azov (3), and Ponto-Caspian (2) endemics, as well as by Mediterranean invaders (35). Among freshwater myxosporeans, only 1 species is Black Sea endemic; 1 species is Ponto-Azov endemic, and most other species are widely represented in freshwater reservoirs. Among Mediterranean invaders, 23 species found in the Mediterranean Sea should be noted; 12 species still have not been registered in the Mediterranean Sea, mainly due to very few studies on this group of parasites. The fauna of Sea of Azov fish parasites includes 42 myxosporean species; 32 of them are found in the Black Sea, 20 – in the Caspian Sea. Totally 19 species belong to freshwater ones, and they are parasitic only in freshwater fish species. Ten species are of freshwater origin but can be registered in marine fish species (mostly in mullets, and one – in gobies). Of the freshwater species, one is Ponto-Azov endemic. Totally 13 myxosporean species are marine ones: 2 species are Sea of Azov endemics; 3 species are Ponto-Azov endemics; 8 species are Mediterranean invaders. Caspian Sea fauna includes 68 species of myxosporeans: 8 are marine ones (1 is ancient marine species; 1 is Ponto-Caspian endemic; 6 are brackish-water myxosporeans), and 60 are freshwater species. Five endemics of the Caspian Sea are known (2 of marine origin and 3 of freshwater origin). When moving from west to east (from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea), a gradual impoverishment of marine myxosporean fauna and its replacement by freshwater myxosporean species are observed. Impoverishment of Myxosporea species composition of the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea in comparison with the Black Sea one is also found.Материал HOW DIATOM CYLINDROTHECA CLOSTERIUM VANQUISH INVASIVE COPEPOD OITHONA DAVISAE(Marine Biological Journal, 2018) Khanaychenko, A. N.Some diatoms are rich food for herbivorous copepods, while others are toxic for their recruitment. No negative effect of diatom Cylindrotheca closterium was ever observed for copepods, and some estuarine copepods preferred it as a food. Data on grazing diatoms by abundant now in the Black Sea coastal waters invasive copepod Oithona davisae are still contradictory. Interaction of O. davisae and C. closterium, both having high colonizing potential and both typical for coastal waters, was studied in experimental culture. Two weeks after inoculation of C. closterium the cultured O. davisae was drastically fouled by globulous conglomerates of diatom cells. Diatom cells in “colonies” on copepod exoskeleton were interconnected by means of adhesive substances at one of their flexible ends at the point-wise areas at various parts of copepods exoskeleton, and the opposite flexible ends performed various circular roll-over fan-shaped movements around the axis passing through the point of their attachment. “Colonies” behaved as integrated aggressive organisms against any approaching flagellate and prevented normal locomotion of copepods. Herein we present the first report on epizoic behavior of C. closterium: quick disastrous colonization of alive copepods O. davisae by diatom “colonies” led to total extinction of cyclopoid experimental population while alive diatoms formed dense network on copepods degenerative tissues.Материал IDENTIFICATION OF SOME COMMON FOOD ITEMS IN THE GUTS OF FISH LARVAE AND JUVENILES IN THE BLACK SEA(Marine Biological Journal, 2017) Vdodovich, I. V.; Khanaychenko, A. N.; Gubanova, A. D.; Kolesnikova, E. A.; Aganesova, L. O.Over the past decade the positive trends in the average annual number of fish larvae and in the copepod population dynamics in the coastal area of the Black Sea agree. The increased fish larvae abundance is hypothesized due to improvement of their nutrition associated with the drastic increase in number of introduced invasive cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae. This assumption is difficult to be verified through fish gut content analysis in absence of methodology allowing prey species identification from their fragmentary residual remnants. Our paper offers an original approach to identification of several common copepod prey using specific distinctive features detected on their chitin fragments from guts of fish larvae and juveniles. To identify specific features of the common species from the coastal areas off Sevastopol (Acartia tonsa, Oithona davisae, Longipedia sp., Cyclopina sp.), alive copepods were isolated from the samples and reared as monospecific cultures in laboratory. Images of alive copepods of each species at successive stages of development and their moulted exoskeletons were compared with the images of chitin remnants found in the fish guts. This technique discloses relatively intact specific morphological features remaining undigested in chitin fragments of prey. These species-specific taxonomic features are suggested to be used for trophic analysis of the Black Sea fishes at early stages of development. Application of proposed method is helpful for assessment of qualitative and quantitative composition of consumed prey and selectivity of fish, especially during the changes in zooplankton community structure affecting significantly survival of fish generations.Материал Identifying nauplial stages of the Black Sea copepods of Calanidae family in fish larvae guts(2019) Zagorodnyaya, Yu. A.; Vdodovich, I. V.Nauplial stages of copepods are known to be the main food items for fish larvae. Their identification in fish larvae guts is usually a difficult task and a time-consuming procedure. Original approach to identification of larvae and juvenile fish common food items – nauplial stages of the Black Sea copepods of family Calanidae – is proposed. This work is a continuation of the initiated studies on the developing a method for determining the juvenile copepod stages from fish larvae guts. On the example of nauplial stage III of Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991, specific features that can be used in identifying nauplial stages of three species of the Black Sea copepods from fish larvae guts are shown.Материал Influence of invader ctenophores on bioluminescence variability off the coast of Western Crimea(2020) Melnik, A. V.; Melnikov, V. V.; Melnik, L. A.; Mashukova, O. V.In the second half of the XX century, Black Sea ecosystem has undergone significant changes: a number of storm winds and upwellings decreased, precipitation abundance increased, coastal waters salinity decreased, temperature increased; moreover, ctenophores invaded. As a result, in the late 1980s, Black Sea pelagic ecosystem abruptly got restructured. This research is based on the studies performed in 1965–1966 and 2007–2012 near Sevastopol (Western Crimea) using the remote sensing data. Analysis of satellite data over the past 20 years showed the presence of positive dynamics in surface water temperature in Sevastopol water area. In the mid-1960s, the annual bioluminescence was characterized by seasonal peaks of dinophytes luminescence. In recent years, this rhythm has changed due to ctenophores invasion. The increase in Mnemiopsis leidyi abundance leads to a decrease in bioluminescence of luminous microalgae being consumed by these ctenophores. Due to Beroe ovata invasion and reproduction, M. leidyi biomass decreased; as a result, bioluminescence increased.Материал Morphological features of three species of Phyllodistomum (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae) from some marine fishes in the southern Black Sea(2022) Güven, A.; Öztürk, T.Three species of the genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899 are identified infecting marine teleost fishes from Sinop coast (southern Black Sea, Turkey). Those are Phyllodistomum acceptum from Parablennius sanguinolentus; Phyllodistomum crenilabri from Symphodus tinca and Symphodus ocellatus; and Phyllodistomum sp. from Gobius cruentatus. Standard parasitological investigation methods were implemented, and morphological diagnostic features of these species were studied in detail under both light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The measurement data of all morphological diagnostics are provided; photomicrographs of each part of the parasites are presented. Infection prevalence and intensity values are given, as well as morphometric data for each parasite species. This research is the first on Phyllodistomum sp. presence in Gobius cruentatus. Moreover, this study is the first one, in which the tegumental surface of P. acceptum and P. crenilabri was examined by scanning electron microscopy.Материал ON FINDING OF MONOCOROPHIUM INSIDIOSUM CRAWFORD, 1937 (AMPHIPODA, COROPHIIDAE) IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF CRIMEA (BLACK SEA), A NEW SPECIES FOR THIS REGION(Marine Biological Journal, 2018) Grintsov, V. A.An illustrated description of morphology of Monocorophium insidiosum Crawford, 1937 from the Crimean coastal waters is given. In this work, 744 specimens from different locations and substrates of the Crimean coastal waters have been analyzed. The main specific parameters of species from the Crimean coastal waters are as follows: rostrum of males is about one half of first article of antenna I length, dactylus of gnathopod II is equipped with 2–4 additional spines along the inner side (both for males and females). Variability is observed in parameters of the following parts: first article of antenna I peduncle, fourth article of antenna II peduncle, inner side of gnathopod II dactylus, and outer sides of the outer and inner rami of uropod II. Morphological parameters of specimens from the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea (literature data), and the North America coast (Vancouver area, literature data) have been compared. Specimens from the Black Sea are morphologically similar, but have some differences from the North American ones. In particular, first article of antenna I peduncle of specimens from the North America have conical process (specimens from the Black Sea have rounded process); fifth article of antenna II peduncle is with proximal medial tooth (specimens from the Black Sea are without proximal medial tooth); and outer ramus of uropod II has medial spine (Mediterranean specimens are without such a spine). These differences should be taken into account when carrying out hydrobiological research.Материал Some peculiarities in vertical distribution of metazoan microzooplankton in the Black Sea in spring(2020) Seregin, S. A.Based on material, received in the 84th and 93rd cruises of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”, vertical distribution of microplankton fraction of metazooplankton (MM) in the Black Sea in spring was analyzed. A total of 27 stations were examined both in the coastal zone and in the deep sea. The 10-L bottles of the CTD probes “Mark-III Neil Brown” and “Sea Bird 911” were used to collect 4–6 L of water from 4–11 horizons of the water column. The samples obtained were concentrated by the reverse filtration through the plankton net with the mesh size of 10 μm. Quantitative and systematic analysis of all samples was carried out totally in the Bogorov chamber using an MBS-9 stereo microscope. The main factors determining nature of the distribution are MM species composition, physical structure of the water column, and hydrodynamic processes affecting its stability/instability. Nauplii of Black Sea Copepoda and veligers of Bivalvia were the most numerous systematic groups in “spring” MM. Mollusc veligers determined abundance maxima in the lower layers of shallow water habitats, while copepods prevailed over large depths and determined total abundance peaks in the upper and middle water layers. Daily time series experiment showed that advective hydrodynamic processes can significantly affect MM vertical distribution, changing physical structure of the water column. For some species, in most cases, a correlation of their distribution with vertical profiles of temperature and salinity was revealed, which rarely manifested at total MM abundance level. A comparison of two spring seasons (2016 and 2017) showed the relationship between vertical distribution of MM abundance and temperature to be more pronounced in cases of low temperature. A change in the sign of correlation with temperature was detected during spring season for Oithona similis: an initially cold-loving species of Black Sea copepods. This revealed in a more superficial distribution of the maxima abundance of this species at lower seasonal temperatures, which could reflect a shift in temperature optimum for the species population and play the role of an adaptive reaction in conditions of seasonal changes in sea thermal characteristics.Материал Toxic metals in the warty crab in the southern Black Sea: Assessment of human health risk(2020) Bat, L.; Arici, E.; Öztekin, A.; Şahin, F.The present study was performed to assess Cd, Pb, and Hg contaminations and human health risk in the warty crab Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) in Akliman shores of Sinop Peninsula of the Black Sea. Heavy metals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Among studied toxic metals, Pb had the highest mean concentration in E. verrucosa. The highest mean concentration of Pb (0.2 mg per kg of wet weight) was observed in male samples of the warty crab. However, higher concentrations of Cd and Hg (0.11 and 0.019 mg per kg of wet weight, respectively) were observed in females of E. verrucosa. The mean Cd values found in the warty crabs were higher in May and June than those in July and August. On the other hand, Pb values were recorded in July and August. The mean Hg values were not different between months except July and August for male samples of E. verrucosa. Foraging seasons of these crabs are different, which can lead to differences in prey size and ultimately metals intake. However, the results show that a toxic heavy metal concentration in edible tissues of crab from the southern Black Sea was within the permissible limits given by national and international food codices. Target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate non-carcinogenic human health risks. Estimated THQs of Cd, Pb, and Hg suggest that these metals in the warty crab do not pose any apparent threat to humans, when the HI value is below the value of 1. The result of the analysis has shown that the warty crab E. verrucosa can be used as bioindicator as it contains variable levels of the metals observed. Since consumption is the main source of heavy metal intake by humans, monitoring studies are needed to protect public health and take preventive measures.