Биология моря / Biology of the Sea / Biologiya morya
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Тематический сборник серии «Биология моря» (1965 - 1979 гг.) выпускался после преобразования Севастопольской Биологической Станции в Институт биологии южных морей (ИнБЮМ) АН УССР. В 1968 году в издательстве «Наукова думка» вышел выпуск 14 «Биология моря» с подзаголовком «Паразиты морских животных». Выпуск 14 стал первым, получившим сквозную нумерацию и тематический заголовок. Серия выпускалась до 1979 года включительно. За период с 1965 по 1979 год был издан 51 выпуск.
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Материал Содержание стеринов в печени рыб южной Атлантики(Киев: Наукова думка, 1873) Миронова, В. Н.; Кандюк, Р. П.; Климашевский, В. М.Изучено содержание стеринов у ряда атлантических рыб. Установлено, что основным стерином является холестерин. Содержание 7-дегидрохолестерина обнаружено только у трех видов акул. Отсутствие 7-дегидрохолестерина и быстродействующих стеринов у других видов рыб связано, очевидно, с усиленным биосинтезом холестерина из его предшественников, в результате чего малые количества последних не удалось обнаружить применяемыми методами.Материал Особенности белкового роста и жиронакопления у черноморских рыб(Biologiya morya, 1968) Шульман, Г. Е.; Кокоз, Л. М.The protein growth and fat accumulation in different species and intraspecies groups of Black sea fishes were investigated. There were revealed some quantity characteristics of processes studied which are connected with biological features of these fishes. For characteristic of the processes under investigation the "mean run curves" (monotonously increasing functions) are to be drawn and the variation of quantities of protein and fat (connected with seasonal physiological rhythms) around these "mean run curves" are to be studied. It is shown that the character of "mean run curves" of protein growth depends on the fish life-span. Proportional value of variational processes in protein metabolism in fishes decreases with the age, and progressive processes increase. Close connection with the relation between the protein growth and fat accumulation in the total balance of matter in the fish organism and environment of populations was found. Processes of protein growth and fat accumulation in most species of the fish studied occur simultaneously.Материал Паразитофауна скумбрии Scomber colias Gmelin, обитающей в Атлантическом океане у побережья юго-западной Африки(Biologiya morya, 1968) Солонченко, А. И.As a result of investigating 105 specimens of Scomber colias inhabiting the area of Africa coast, they were established to be infested with 16 species of parasites in this area. Age dynamics of mackerel parasitofauna was followed. The highest invasion intensity was observed in mackerel at four years of age.Материал Гельминтофауна ставрида Trachurus trachurus L., обитающей у побережья Юго-Западной Африки(Biologiya morya, 1968) Ковалева, А. А.When investigating 370 Trachurus trachurus capensis taken from the area of the South-western Africa coast, it was established that it is infested with 16 species of helminthes in this area. Helminthofauna change of Trachurus with its age was observed.Материал Исследования лаборатории паразитологии института биологии южных морей ан усср в период с 1958 по 1966 г.(Biologiya morya, 1968) Николаева, В. М.; Парухин, А. М.; Долгих, А. В.; Ковалева, А. А.; Найденова, Н. Н.A survey of results is given of the parasitological investigation carried out in the Black and Azov Seas, the Mediterranean basin, the South China Sea, and in the Atlantic Ocean. There are 92 references, including 56 published and 36 in press.Материал Кислородный долг при интенсивной мышечной работе у кефали(Biologiya morya, 1968) Алексеева, К. Д.Oxygen debt and duration of recovery period during intense muscular work on longfinned mullet (Mugil auratus Risso) were determined. The measurements were carried out in the circular respirometer, hydrodynamic tunnel type, at movement velocity of 88 cm/sec and duration of performance - 30 min. It was shown that the value of oxygen debt in longfinned mullet with an average weight of 110-190 g, made up 12% from the active and 50% from the standard metabolism. Recovery of oxygen debt following fatigue required from 30 to 60 min. Thus it was shown that determination of oxygen debt value taking place during intense muscular work was necessary in estimating the levels of active metabolism.Материал Содержание(Biologiya morya, 1968)Материал Затраты энергии на дыхание, рост и размножение у Artemia salina (L.)(Biologiya morya, 1968) Хмелева, Н. Н.The size-weight relations, caloric value, fat content, number of eggs produced, respiration and growth of Artemia salina were determined. According to the data obtained the total energy budget for Artemia has been calculated for different periods and for the whole life-time equal to 130 days. The energy of the food assimilated during the whole life is 60 calories per animal, and 120 cal of consumed food. A shrimp consumes during this time 24 mg of dry weight of food, the latter amounts to 5 cal/mg. The daily ration during the reproduction period was found to be 0.2 mg of dry weight of food per specimen, that gives about 40% of dry body weight of Artemia. The growth coefficient of the first order (K1) and the second order (K2) were determined. The first is referred to as the gross efficiency and the second — as the net efficiency of growth. The received data show that the both coefficients of the pre- reproduction and reproduc-tion period of life are different (K1=12.5% and 0.6%; K2=28.1% and 1.8% respectively). However, such decrease in the coefficients is observed when we take into account only the increase energy of the body weight growth disregarding the other elements of the plastic metabolism. Otherwise these coefficients will not change and their values during the pre-reproduction and reproduction periods are similar (K1=17.8% and 17.9%, K2=35.6% and 35.8% respectively). The total energy of growth and energy of respiration are almost equal. The ecological efficiency of Artemia population constitutes 18%.Материал Материалы к гельминтофауне ластоногих Берингова и Охотских морей(Biologiya morya, 1968) Юрахно, М. В.; Сердюков, А. М.; Трещев, В. В.Two species of Pinnipedia inhabiting the Bering Sea were investigated of which Phoca hispida (21 animals were dissected) appeared to be infested with Phocascaris phocae, Terranova decipiens, Skrjabinaria spirocauda and Corynosoma strumosum, and Erignathus barbatus nauticus (10 specimens were tested) — T. decipiens Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum and Diphyllobothrium sp. Moreover, three species of Pinnipedia from the Sea of Okhotsk were investigated of which Phoca hispida ochotensis (18 specimens) appeared to be infested with Contracaecum osculatum?, Ph. phocae, Corynosoma semerme, C. strumosum, larvae of Anisakidae and S. spirocauda, found in this animal for the first time. C. strumosum was found in one Phoca vitulina largha and C. osculatum and larvae of Anisakidae — in one Histriophoca fasciata.Материал Гельминтофауна моллюсков северной части Черного моря(Biologiya morya, 1968) Долгих, А. В.The investigation of helminthofauna of 45 species of the Black Sea mollusks taken in the area from Karkinitski Gulf to Novorossiisk Bay showed that 25 of them are infested with trematoda larvae. Data on the quantity of examined and infested mollusks are given for each invaded mollusk species, parasites are listed, the area of distribution of trematoda larvae and infestation degree of mollusks are given.Материал Взаимозависимость интенсивности обмена и скорости роста у животных(Biologiya morya, 1968) Винберг, Г. Г.It has been shown that if net growth efficiency is constant, the growth curve would be of parabolic type. [Formulas] The given relations make it possible to determine the parameters of growth equations and to obtain the intensity of metabolism from the data of growth studies. The examples of calculations concerning the growth and metabolism of some water animals are given.Материал К анализу калорийности талитрид обитающих в береговых выбросах Черного моря(Biologiya morya, 1968) Сущеня, Л. М.; Аболмасова, Г. И.On the phytogenous beaches of the Black sea the most abundant species of Amphipoda-Talitroidea are Orchestia bottae M.-Edw. The maximum biomass of these animals reaches from 1/8 to 1/10 part of the total weight of substratum. The calorific value of Orchestia was determined simultaneously with a bomb calorimeter and chemical method of combustion. The variability of calorific content within the size group of Orchestia from 1 to 120 mg was relatively constant during the year. Mean calorific value of dry matter have been equal 4.7 Kcal/g. Between the caloricity of unit of ash-free weight (y) and content of organic matter in the animals in percent (x) a straight line relation was found: y = 0.0945*x - 2.55. An increase of caloricity is connected with accumulation of the fat in the body and growth with age of animals.Материал К проблеме трихинеллеза в Арктике(Biologiya morya, 1968) Трещев, В. В.; Сердюков, А. М.Helminthological material was collected from the food Pinnipedia on the Chuckchee Sea coast in 1904 and trichinellosis was found in one of eight walrus tested (Odobaenus rosmarus diver gens). Larvae of Trichinella spiralis were found in the diaphragm musclation in capsules of a size 0.434 X 0.108 mm. Trichinellosis in Pinnipedia was not registered in the Soviet Union waters. Trichinellosis was also registered in polar foxes (Alopex lagopus) fed on the meat of the sea animals. Taking in account the urgent problem of trichinellosis in the Arctic, it is necessary to double veterinary and medical control for meat used for food.Материал Паразитические простейшие рыб Черного моря(Biologiya morya, 1968) Заика, В. Е.A list of parasite protozoa indicated by different investigators for the various species of the Black Sea fishes is given. Parasite protozoa were found in representatives of 28 families of the Black Sea fishes. More than 60 species and subspecies of protozoa are known for the Black Sea species altogetherМатериал Особенности белкового состава крови ставрид южных морей(Biologiya morya, 1968) Куликова, Н. И.Protein composition of the blood serum of horse mackerels from the Black sea, the Red sea and the Mediterranean and 5 species of the Atlantic horse mackerels from the west coast of Africa was studied by the method of paper electrophoresis. It was found that protein pattern of the blood is that of specific in each species studied. This specificity is marked either in different quantity of their protein fractions, or in their quantitative interrelation or in different features of their statistical distribution. Individual variations and sex differences in quantitative interrelation of protein fractions are considerable only during the spawning period. As for the protein composition of the blood serum, differences among subspecies within a species are less distinct than those of interspecific. Common features of protein composition of the blood serum are peculiar to all the species of horse mackerels belonging to Carangidae, that distinguishes the present family from other families in sub-order Percoidei (according to the data in literature). Material obtained on 8 closely related species of horse mackerels of the genera Trachurus and Decapterus, 5 closely related species of the genus Gobius, and numerous literary data support our previous suggestion on belonging "large" and "small" forms of the Black sea horse mackerels to one species, namely Trachurus mediterraneus.Материал Исследования гельминтофауны морских млекопитающих Мирового океана, выполненные кафедрой зоологии Крымского педагогического института с 1955 по 1965 г.(Biologiya morya, 1968) Делямуре, С. Л.During the period from 1955 lo 1965 helminthologists of the Crimean State Pedagogical Institute carried out 9 expeditions with the aim of collecting helminthological material from the sea mammals of the World Ocean. Collections of other investigators were also treated. About 2.000 of the Pinnipedia and Cetacea inhabiting the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea, the Bering Strait, the Chuckchee Sea, Kara Sea, White Sea, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea as well as antarctic waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans are investigated. Brief results of the ten-year investigation in the field of systematics, ecology and geographic distribution of helminthes of the sea mammals are reported.Материал Споровик Ortholinea gobiusi sp. nov. из черноморского бычка-травяника(Biologiya morya, 1968) Найденова, Н. Н.A new species is described of Ortholinea gobiusi sp. nov. from the bladder of Gobius ophiocephalus. A table is given for four species of the genus Ortholinea known at present time.Материал Новая дифиллоботриида - паразит южноафриканского морского котика(Biologiya morya, 1968) Делямуре, С. Л.; Парухин, А. М.Eight South-African fur-seals (Arctocephalus pusillus) were investigated, in intestine of which the following species of helminthes were found: Diphyllobothrium atlanticum n. sp., Tetrabothriidae g. sp. (immature), Phyllobothrium sp. (larvae) and Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937. As a result of comparison of a new species with those known for the genus Diphyllobothrium it was stated that it differs sharply. The new species is close to Diphyllobothrium arctocephalinum Johnston, 1937, but differs in scolex form, thin cuticle, absence of calcareous corpuscles and genital cloaca, very big testicles, different size of seminal vesicle, bursa, vitellin follicles etc. All the helminthes found were registered for the first time not only in Arctocephalus pusillus but for the waters of South Atlantic too.Материал Сравнительно-физиологическая характеристика крови и кроветворных органов рыб и водных млекопитающих(Biologiya morya, 1968) Коржуев, П. А.; Глазова, Т. Н.The most significant factor of aquatic environment is perhaps sharp reduction of activity of gravitation power. The Aquatic organisms practically spend on efforts on supporting their bodies in contrast to the ground animals. This factor is to be considered when comparing blood peculiarities of the fish and of secondary aquatic mammals. The quantitative—qualitative blood characteristic of different fish groups is defined not only phylogenetically, but also ecologically. One can get an idea of biological significance of blood peculiarities by simultaneous consideration of both blood amount, concentration of respiratory pigment of blood and power of erythropoiesis centres. The erythropoiesis centres of the aquatic animals are more considerably developed in contrast to the fish. In addition, the aquatic mammals musculature is a strong storage of oxygen containing myoglobin of high concentration. Lack of equal oxygen affinity of haemoglobin in both various species of the fish and the aquatic animals is one of the adaption forms to the specific conditions of aquatic environment. Heterogenous nature of haemoglobins is closely associated with the value of oxygen affinity of haemoglobin.Материал О температурной зависимости обмена у пойкилотермных животных(Biologiya morya, 1968) Ивлева, И. В.; Попенкина, М. И.Experimental results of metabolism measurements for different marine invertebrates in the course of their acclimation to different temperatures are given. Significant speciesdependent differencies of respiration were shown in: 1) single temperature intervals, 2) the rates of attaining the steady states and 3) the sensibility variations of different size groups to different temperatures. It was pointed that the analysis of temperature dependence of metabolism must be based on the values typical to the completed acclimation process. It was emphasized that acute experiments characterize only the degree of reaction breaking under the influence of temperature and cannot be used for such an analysis.Материал К фауне нематод некоторых донных рыб средиземноморского бассейна(Biologiya morya, 1968) Найденова, Н. Н.; Николаева, В. М.16 species of nematodes were found in 28 species of benthic fishes (177 specimens). Nematodes of the suborder Ascaridata (7 species) are represented by the most number of species and met more often. All fishes, rays excluded, are infested with nematodes of the genus Contacaecum, the larvae and mature C. fabri are most distributed. The second place is for Spirurata and third - Camallanata. A new species Ascarophis mullusi sp. nov. from red mullets is described. Larvae Porrocaecum sp. are discovered in the intestine of Trygon pastinaca, and in the body cavity of Trigla pini. The analysis is made of the nematode distribution in the Mediterranean basin.Материал Элементы энергетического баланса амфибионтного бокоплава Orchestria bottae M.-Edw. (Amphipoda-Talitroidea)(Biologiya morya, 1968) Сущеня, Л. М.The article deal with the investigations of some parameters in determining the quantitative contribution of 0. bottae to energy turnover at inshore zone of the Black Sea. This species was studied at different stages of its life from July 1962 to June 1963. The received data show that the mean value of food consumption (R) ranged from 17.5 to 77.3% of body weight per day. The efficiency of assimilation (a) during feeding with dead Cystoseira were in the range from 31 to 51%. The relation between the weight of Orchestia (W) and its rate of oxygen consumption (Q) at 20°C is expressed by equation Q=0,243 W^0,74. The energy utilized for growth (G) was estimated by the growth curve received empirically and calculated at the same time on the level of respiration. The growth was converted to units of energy according to caloricity of Orchestia (4,7 Kcal/g). It shows that the gross efficiency of growth ( G/R ) Orchestia ranging in weight from 9 to 80 mg decreased in average from 30 to 8%, the net efficiency of growth (G/aR ) from 60 to 30%.Материал Интенсивность экскреции азота у Nereis diversicolor(Biologiya morya, 1968) Муравская, З. А.The rate of the total nitrogen excretion by Nereis diversicolor Muller was studied. It was shown that this value correlates with body weight and is described by functional equation N = 0.82*W^0.63, where W - dry body weight, N - nitrogen excretion in mg/day. The relation between the rates of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption was expressed by equation N/Q = 0.078*W^-0.1. Our analysis of the data in literature shows that the correlation between nitrogen excretion and body weight exists also in all Vermes phylum. This suggests that the above mentioned correlation is manifested in animals regardless their belonging to different systematic position and age groups.Материал К обнаружению личинок Accacoeliidae у рыб и беспозвоночных(Biologiya morya, 1968) Николаева, В. М.Cercaria owrean (Hutton, 1952) was found in the intestine of Sagitta inflata from plankton of the Gulf of Mexico. The pelagical fish of the Mediterranean basin was found to have cystless metacercaria of the family Accacoeliidae. They infect Trigla pini, Naucrates ductor, Myctophum punctatum, Diplodus annularis and Spicara smaris. As many sea invertebrates, the fish is included into the cycle development of Accacoeliidae and used as a supplementary or reservoir host.Материал Интенсивность обмена у мальков кефали и ставриды(Biologiya morya, 1968) Яковлева, К. К.The investigations of the dependence between metabolism and body weight in the fries of Mugil auratus and Trachurus mediterraneus were performed. The weight of fries varied from 0.0095 to 0.263g in Trachurus and from 0.015 to 0.177g in Mugil. The dependence between metabolism and body weight is described by the equations: Q = 0.276*W^0.69 (for Trachurus) and Q = 0.310*W^0.67 (for Mugil).Материал Гельминтофауна рыб Южной Атлантики(Biologiya morya, 1968) Парухин, А. М.Helminthofauna was studied of 813 specimens of fishes relating to 37 species from the South Atlantic area. 69 species of parasite worms were found. South Atlantic is a new area of distributing 12 helminth species; and new hosts were revealed for 17 species. No harmful forms for a man were noted among helminthes but the strong infestation of fish musculation with Tetrarhynchus larvae, that makes them useless for nutrition. Analysis of helminthofauna of the certain orders of fishes is given in ecological aspect.Материал Динамика выделения органических метаболитов морскими организмами(Biologiya morya, 1968) Хайлов, К. М.; Бурлакова, З. П.Материал Содержание(Biologiya morya, 1968)Материал Влияние возраста и состава пищи на гельминтофауну ставриды Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus Aleev(Biologiya morya, 1968) Ковалева, А. А.Helminthofauna of Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus varies with the host's age. Helminthofauna of Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus varies with the host's age. Infestation takes place at the stage of fry with the body length from 1 to 2 cm. The so-called fry parasites inhabite fry up to the age of one year. Beginning from this age it takes helminthes, which compose the base of its helmintho-fauna in the future life. Qualitative and quantitative changes of the helmintho-fauna were observed with variation in its spectrum of nutrition, ecology and biology.Материал Некоторые особенности биологии церкарий(Biologiya morya, 1968) Долгих, А. В.The results of observation are presented on cercariae Bacciger bacciger behavior, their taxis, durability of free swimming. As the cercariae are registered in the Black Sea and a new host (Chione gallina) for the first time, their brief morphological description is given.Материал Дыхание тканей некоторых морских беспозвоночных(Biologiya morya, 1968) Виленкина, М. Н.The respiratory rates of various tissues and of an intact animal in Actinia equina L., Nereis diversicolor (O. F. Muller), Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam., Rapana thomasiana Crosse, Carcinus maenas L., Xanto hydrophilus Herbst. were studied, and allometric growth of these species was investigated. A significant correlation was observed between the rate of tissue respiration and the weight of body and tissue. The changes in the rate of tissue respiration can be described by exponential equations, the coefficients of equations being different for different tissues. The changes in the summed respiration of all tissues in an animal with the increase of the body weight are similar qualitatively to the changes of the respiration in the intact animal. It was shown that the decrease of metabolic rate per unit weight in an intact animal with an increase of body weight depend on the decrease of the rate of tissue respiration, the character of the relative growth of the tissue and the nervous and humoral regulation. The relative importance of these factors is unequal for the animals of different systematic groups. The role of the allometric growth and the nervous and hymoral regulation increases with the rise in the organisation of animals.Материал Развитие морских микроскопических водорослей в морской воде, загрязненной углеводородами(Biologiya morya, 1969) Миронов, О. Г.; Ланская, Л. А.Материал Гидродинамическая функция брачного наряда лососей(Biologiya morya, 1969) Алеев, Ю. Г.Материал Изменчивость некоторых планктонных Copepoda (Crustacea) в морях. Средиземноморского бассейна.(Biologiya morya, 1969) Ковалев, А. В.Материал О механизме плавания рыб и дельфинов(Biologiya morya, 1969) Кудряшов, А. Ф.Материал Антибиотические свойства морских гетеротрофных бактерий(Biologiya morya, 1969) Маркианович, Е. М.Материал Развитие черноморских Copepoda(Biologiya morya, 1969) Сажина, Л. И.Материал О гидродинамических качествах задних ластов настоящих тюленей сем. Phocidae (отр. Pinnipedia)(Biologiya morya, 1969) Мордвинов, Ю. Е.Материал О продукции аппендикулярий и сагитт в неритической зоне Черного моря(Biologiya morya, 1969) Заика, В. Е.Материал Влияние антропометрических данных на гидродинамические качества пловцов(Biologiya morya, 1969) Оноприенко, Б. И.